Buerger's disease, also known as thromboangiitis obliterans or thromboangiitis, is a severe inflammatory disease of small and medium-sized arteries and veins, primarily in the legs. Less commonly, the arteries of the hands are also narrowed or blocked, causing insufficient blood supply to the fingers. Severe blockage leads to finger pain and tissue death, necessitating amputation of the affected fingers. Inflammation of superficial veins and symptoms of Raynaud's disease also occur. The pathology is characterized by the disappearance of the lumen of blood vessels, which can lead to ischemia (lack of blood supply) and tissue necrosis. There are several possible causes of Buerger's disease: smoking; genetic predisposition; autoimmune processes; age - the disease most often occurs in young patients, usually under the age of 50; hormonal factors; viral infections; chronic stress; infectious agents - some bacteria or other infectious agents may play a role in the development of the disease; systemic connective tissue diseases; High blood pressure - High blood pressure can increase the risk of developing Buerger's disease.
Signs:
- leg pain
- pain in the toes
- pain in the finger
- swelling of the big toe
- ankle swelling
- hair loss
- leg cramps
- increased protein concentration in the urine - proteinuria
- cold feet
- lameness
- erectile dysfunction
- skin ulcers
- ulcers on the legs
De Quervain's disease is an inflammatory disease of the tendons of the thumb, which manifests itself in pain in the wrist area. This pathology was first described by the Swiss surgeon Fritz de Quervain in 1895. He performed an operation to release the pinched tendons. De Quervain's disease is more common in women and is caused by prolonged use of the hand and thumb due to repetitive motion of the wrist. For example, if you are constantly using a smartphone, you are holding heavy objects with one hand. The risk of developing the syndrome increases for representatives of professions related to active manual work - hairdressers, seamstresses, builders, pianists. Another risk factor is pregnancy and the postpartum period, rheumatoid arthritis. The mechanism of development of the pathological condition is as follows. The tendons of the wrist extensor muscles pass under the retinaculum ligament on the dorsal surface of the lower third of the forearm. In this area, there are 6 channels along which the tendons slide, with frequent hand movements, the friction of these tendons against the wall of the channel increases. As a result, swelling develops, causing narrowing of the canal, which interferes with the normal gliding of the tendons and leads to sharp pain in the wrist when moving the thumb.
Signs:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- wrist pain
- pain in the finger
- forearm pain
- finger deformity
- burning in the wrist
- numbness in the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
- reduced range of motion
Bursitis is inflammation of the bursa surrounding the joint. In general, the disease affects the large joints of the upper limbs. Finger bursae can also be affected, but this is less common. When bursitis worsens, applying cold helps: pain decreases, inflammation decreases. In case of chronic forms of the disease, physiotherapy and drug injections are prescribed. In particularly advanced cases, doctors resort to surgical interventions.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- swelling of fingers
- skin redness
- thickening of the bursa
Secondary syphilis is the second stage of infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease. Secondary syphilis develops several weeks or months after the primary infection (primary syphilis) and is characterized by the spread of the infection throughout the body. Causes: Secondary syphilis is caused by continued infection with the bacterium Treponema pallidum after the primary stage of syphilis. Here are some factors that can contribute to the development of secondary syphilis: insufficient or inappropriate treatment of primary syphilis, non-adherence to treatment, late initiation of treatment, unprotected sex with an infected partner; weak immunity.
Signs:
- white coating on the tongue
- pain in the toes
- pain in the finger
- headache
- red eye (hyperemia)
- unusual vaginal discharge
- chills and tremors
- swelling of the toe
- swelling of fingers
- skin rash
- swollen lymph nodes
Dislocation of the finger is a pathological condition in which the articular surfaces of the phalanges of the fingers are displaced and no longer match each other. The fingers are more commonly affected than the toes. A finger dislocation can occur in any joint of any finger, but most often occurs in the middle joint of the little, ring, middle, or index finger. Displacement of the finger is always caused by the force exerted on the nail phalanx. For example: during sports, the ball may hit the tip of an outstretched finger; falling on an outstretched arm. The cause of the finger injury is usually a home or sports injury: forced overextension or a blow to the finger area. Dislocation of the toe occurs as a result of jumping or falling. .
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- finger deformity
- numbness in the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of fingers
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
- crunching in the knuckles
Diabetic neuropathy is a complication of diabetes mellitus, the causes of which may be: prolonged high blood sugar, inadequate treatment of diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, damage to nerve cells and blood vessels, genetic predisposition, autoimmune reactions, chronic stress, insufficient physical exercise, smoking, alcohol anddrug abuse, eating disorders, metabolic syndrome, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, age-related changes, infections, inflammatory processes in the body, long-term use of certain medications and circulatory disorders.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- diarrhea - diarrhea
- burning sensation in the leg
- delayed ejaculation
- difficulty urinating
- itchy skin
- numbness in the toes
- numbness in the fingers - paresthesia
- numbness in the hands - paresthesia
- loss of bowel control
- loss of feeling in the legs
- loss of feeling in the hands
- finger stiffness
- leg cramps
- fast heartbeat - tachycardia
- cold feet
- lameness
- chronic constipation
- excessive sweating - hyperhidrosis
A nail is a purulent inflammatory formation on the skin or mucous membrane, caused by the penetration of bacteria into small affected areas, and can be caused by the following reasons: injury or skin damage, staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, pneumococci, fungal infections infections, periodontitis, immunodeficiency conditions, post-surgerywounds, burns, animal bite wounds, dental infections, poor nutrition, gum disease, abrasions or cracks on the skin, weak immunity, self-bite (self-harm), hypovitaminosis, poor personal hygiene, improper use of contraceptives, contact with contaminated objects, widebroad-spectrum antibiotics, lymphatic system disorders and mucosal damage.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- skin inflammation - eczema
- thinning of the skin
- brittle hair and nails
- skin redness
- dry wine
Dupuytren's contracture, also known as Dupuytren's disease, is an abnormal thickening of the fascia, a layer of tissue under the skin in the palm of the hand at the base of the fingers. This thickened area may appear as a dense nodule or streak. Over time, it leads to the curvature of one or more fingers, pulled to the side or inside the palm. The ring and little fingers are most often affected. In many cases, both hands are affected. In rare cases, the leg may be affected. Dupuytren's contracture is inherited. The exact cause of the disease is unknown. This can be caused by smoking, alcoholism, diabetes, nutritional deficiencies, or medications used to treat seizures. This disease usually begins in middle age. It is more common in men than in women. Smokers and diabetics are at increased risk of developing the disease.
Signs:
- pain in one arm
- pain in the finger
- pain in the hands
- finger deformity
- muscle weakness
- swelling of fingers
- finger stiffness
- weakness in the hands
- lump or knot
Radial nerve neuropathy is a dysfunction of the radiocarpal nerve. The following conditions can put pressure on the radial nerve, causing nerve entrapment and neuropathic pain: radial tunnel syndrome; radial nerve palsy; Wartenberg syndrome. Other causes of radial nerve problems include: infections; overuse injuries or prolonged pressure on the hand due to a cast or splint; complications of surgeries such as shoulder replacements; injuries, including accidents, gunshots, and stab wounds; tumors or cysts. A broken arm or dislocated shoulder can damage the radial nerve.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in the hands
- elbow pain
- pain in the finger
- forearm pain
- pain in the hands
- limited wrist mobility
- restriction of hand movement
- swelling of the hands
- loss of feeling in the hands
- stiffness of the hands
Onychodystrophy is a condition characterized by changes in the structure, color or shape of the nails and can be caused by trauma or damage to the nail plate, infections such as fungal infections or bacterial paronychia, poor circulation in the nail area, congenital nail abnormalities, sensitivity to the nails by chemical orphysical insults such as exposure to strong chemicals or trauma from repeated blows, immune system disorders, inflammatory diseases such as psoriasis or eczema, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, dermatological conditions such aslichen planus or pyoderma, endocrine disorders such as diabetes or hypothyroidism, the effects of drugs such as retinoids or chemotherapy, bad habits such as irregular nail management or nail biting, metabolic disorders, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, especially iron or zinc deficiencies, stress or psychologicalfactors, systemic diseases such as systemic scleroderma or leukemia, oncological processes in the body, increased moisture loss or dehydration, long-term exposure to constant moisture or mechanical pressure on the nails.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- furrows on the skin
- skin inflammation - eczema
- thinning of the skin
- brittle hair and nails
Panaritium is an inflammatory disease that affects the fingers or toes. The causes of the pathology are as follows: trauma, micro-traumatic infection, improper handling of sharp objects, nail damage, insect bites, poor hygiene, diabetic neuropathy, immunodeficiency states, chemical exposure, contact with contaminated water, alcohol or drug poisoning, contact with harmful substances in certain professions, systemic connective tissue diseases, circulatory disorders, endocrine disorders, autoimmune diseases, ARVI and other infectious diseases, circulatory disorders, damage to arteries and veins, chronic organ diseases such as liver and kidney, aging.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- pain in the hands
- pustules
- finger deformity
- itchy skin
- brittle hair and nails
A finger fracture is a violation of the integrity of the bones in one of the fingers of the upper limb. Finger fractures can vary in nature and location. A closed fracture occurs as a result of trauma, such as a fall on the hand or pinching of the finger. An open fracture is characterized by bone protruding through the skin, which can occur in severe trauma, such as an accident or injury caused by a sharp object. A basal phalanx fracture is usually caused by a blow to the top of the finger, such as a hammer. A fracture of the middle phalanx can be the result of a direct blow to the middle part of the finger or a strong compression. A fracture of the distal phalanx can occur due to trauma, such as a fall or a strong blow to the tip of the finger. A stress fracture is often associated with repetitive microtrauma or overuse, such as in athletes or those who frequently use their arms for repetitive motions.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- bone protruding from the skin
- swelling of fingers
- skin redness
- finger stiffness
Joint injuries are injuries that can affect both bony and soft joint tissues, including bones, tendons, ligaments, and muscles. Wrist sprains occur when the ligaments are torn due to overstretching, physical impact, or a fall. Wrist sprain syndrome is a joint disorder known as ulnar abduction that occurs when the ulna is slightly longer than the radius. It usually develops after an atypical healing of a wrist fracture and makes the joint between the bone and the carpal bones less stable. Arthritis of the wrist can occur in any joint of the wrist due to normal wear and tear or injury to the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs when the median nerve is compressed. It can be caused by repetitive strain on the wrist, high blood pressure or diabetes.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in the hands
- pain in the finger
- limited wrist mobility
- restriction of hand movement
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of the hands
Polyarthritis of the finger is simultaneous inflammation of three or more joints. There are more than 100 different types of polyarthritis, with different causes and treatments. The most common are: rheumatoid polyarthritis and psoriatic polyarthritis. Polyarthritis of the fingers can be caused by the following reasons: wear and tear of the phalangeal joint due to excessive load; circle; injuries; autoimmune disease; genetic predisposition, family history; muscle weakness. The symptoms of polyarthritis usually develop over time, but they can also appear suddenly. The typical age of onset of rheumatoid arthritis is between 30 and 50 years. However, it can also affect children, adolescents and young adults. Osteoarthritis usually develops after the age of 50 or 60, but there are studies that show radiographic signs of osteoarthritis in women as young as 40.
Signs:
- pain with significant extension and abduction of the thumb
- pain in the finger
- finger deformity
- the curvature of the little and ring fingers
- numbness in the fingers - paresthesia
- swelling of fingers
- finger stiffness
- crunching in the knuckles
A sprain of the soft tissues of the hand is a violation of the integrity of the ligament, tendon or muscle. Ligaments are most susceptible to sprains. A soft tissue strain can occur when a joint twists unnaturally as a result of a sudden twist caused by a fall. The most common injuries to the soft parts of the hand are injuries to muscles, tendons and ligaments. These injuries often occur during sports and exercise, but sometimes simple everyday activities can lead to injury. Sprains, strains, contusions, tendonitis and bursitis are the main forms of injury.
Signs:
- wrist pain
- pain in the hands
- pain in the finger
- limited wrist mobility
- restriction of hand movement
- swelling of the hands
- stiffness of the hands
Rheumatoid arthritis of the hand is a chronic inflammatory disease that can affect not only the joints. In some people, the condition can cause damage to many body systems, including the skin, eyes, lungs, heart and blood vessels. An autoimmune disease, rheumatoid arthritis of the hand occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the tissues in your own body. Factors that increase the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis: gender - women are more likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis; age - rheumatoid arthritis of the hands and fingers can occur at any age, but most often begins to develop in middle age; family history - the risk of developing the disease increases if at least one blood relative suffers from rheumatoid arthritis; smoking - due to nicotine consumption, rheumatic arthritis develops faster and presents with more acute symptoms; Being overweight - People who are overweight have a slightly higher risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis.
Signs:
- pain in the hands
- pain in the finger
- high temperature - hyperpyrexia
- finger deformity
- chills and tremors
- swelling of fingers
- lack of appetite
- problems grasping objects with the hands
- stiffness of the hands
- finger stiffness
- decreased finger strength
Sickle cell anemia is a pathology that belongs to the group of hereditary diseases. The disease affects the shape of red blood cells, which carry oxygen to all parts of the body. Red blood cells are usually round and flexible, so they move easily through blood vessels. In sickle cell anemia, some red blood cells are sickle- or crescent-shaped. Sickle cells also become stiff and sticky, which can slow or block blood flow. Sickle cell anemia is caused by a change in the gene that controls hemoglobin production. Hemoglobin enables red blood cells to carry oxygen from the lungs throughout the body. Abnormal hemoglobin causes red blood cells to become stiff, sticky, and misshapen. For a child to get the disease, both the mother and father must carry one copy of the sickle cell gene — also known as sickle cell trait — and pass both copies of the altered form to the child.
Signs:
- chest pain
- bone pain (ossealgia)
- pain in the finger
- joint pain - arthralgia
- "sausage" type finger inflammation
- stunted
- iron deficiency anemia
- swelling of the legs
- swelling of fingers
- swelling of the hands
- yellowing of the skin and pupils - jaundice
- loss of consciousness - fainting
- reduced vision
- fast heartbeat - tachycardia
- chronic fatigue - increased fatigue
Thrombosis is complete or partial blockage of the vessel lumen by a parietal or mobile thrombus. Venous thrombosis is caused either by venous stasis due to prolonged immobility, increased blood clotting due to chemical imbalance, or damage to the vein. In most cases, thrombosis in the artery is the result of atherosclerosis, the hardening and narrowing of the walls of the arteries. There are also certain risk factors that can increase the chance of developing blood clots: advanced age; pregnancy; certain birth control medications; hormone replacement therapy; lack of physical activity; obesity; smoking; infection; autoimmune disease; hand injury; surgery; hereditary vascular diseases; previous blood clots.
Signs:
- pain in the finger
- pain in the hands
- shortness of breath - difficulty breathing
- numbness in the hands - paresthesia
- swelling of the hands
Preeclampsia is a complication that occurs later in pregnancy. It becomes one of the factors that cause swelling of the fingers. In addition, the problem is characterized by: frequent headaches, abnormal swelling of the face and fingers, blurred vision, weight gain, abdominal pain. Early treatment of preeclampsia is critical to ensure a safe pregnancy and delivery. This includes taking medication, constant medical check-ups and, in rare cases, early delivery.
When should you see a doctor if you have pain in your fingers?
You should make an appointment with your doctor if:
- the pain in the fingers is severe or interferes with normal activities;
- the pain increases at night;
- the pain did not decrease for a week after home treatment;
- tingling or loss of feeling in the hand;
- suffers from diabetes;
- unable to move thumb or hold objects;
- the phalanges changed shape or color.
Diagnostics
Based on the results of the initial examination, the doctor may prescribe:
- stool analysis for dysbacteriosis
- blood analysis
- Vitamin D test
- arthroscopy
- biopsy
- skin biopsy
- lymph node biopsy
- blood chemistry
- bronchoscopy
- dermatoscopy
- duplex scanning of the lower limbs
- immunological test
- polymerase chain reaction test
- Finkelstein research
- Eichof's research
- skin tests
- computerized angiography
- computerized angiography of the lower limbs
- computed tomography of the chest
- computed tomography of the hand
- computed tomography of the lungs
- computed tomography of lymph nodes
- computed tomography of the wrist joint
- computed tomography of the carotid arteries
- magnetic resonance imaging of the hand
- magnetic resonance imaging of lymph nodes
- Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist joint
- magnetic resonance imaging of the heart
- magnetic resonance imaging of the joints
- microscopic examination of smear
- radiography
- Chest X-ray
- X-ray of the hand
- Chest X-ray
- X-ray of the wrist joint
- radiography of the lower limbs
- X-ray of a finger
- X-ray of the fingers
- X-ray of the esophagus
- serological test
- chest examination
- ultrasound examination of the abdominal cavity
- Ultrasound examination of the veins of the upper limbs
- ultrasound examination of the brain - neurosonography
- Ultrasound examination of the hand
- Ultrasound examination of the wrist joint
- Ultrasound examination of the soft parts of the hand and arm
- ultrasound examination of the spleen
- Ultrasound examination of the heart - echocardiography
- chest fluorography
- electroneuromyography
How to relieve pain in the finger?
The following tips can help relieve finger pain at home:
- Apply ice packs for 20 minutes every 2-3 hours;
- pain relievers;
- stop or reduce activities that cause pain, such as typing, using vibrating devices for work, or playing an instrument;
- do not take a hot bath, do not go to a sauna or bath in the first 2-3 days after the injury;
- do not lift heavy objects.